Pair Skating: Two Athletes Completing a Single Technique
Collection Figure Skating 2026.08.07

Pair Skating: Two Athletes Completing a Single Technique

A Guide to Distinguishing Between Twists, Throws, Lifts, Death Spirals, and Unison Elements

Pair skating goes beyond just two individuals performing single techniques side by side. Elements like twists and throw jumps, overhead lifts, and death spirals incorporate the strength and timing of both athletes into a single technique. While height and rotation counts are initially noticeable, the entry speed, catch, descent, and flow after landing ultimately determine the quality of the performance. Understanding pair skating, where two athletes complete a single technique, becomes clearer when viewed in the context of the entire competition rather than just memorizing individual elements.

This list distinguishes between unique aerial elements in pairs and the side-by-side jumps and spins, pair spins around a common axis, steps, and choreographic elements. It's important to note that an element is not deemed complete by just one athlete's success; the unison, distance, knee rhythm, and musical timing of both skaters also influence the program composition score. The detailed required elements and scoring can change from season to season, so it's best to refer to the official ISU documentation for that season.

Pair techniques involve high-risk movements that require specialized partner training and safety equipment. The discussion here focuses on viewing criteria to recognize the elements during performances, not on the actual execution order or practice methods. Required lift groups, types of throws, and the direction of death spirals can vary from season to season, so always check the latest ISU Handbook. Once you grasp this structure, you will begin to see the connections between the movements on screen and the numbers on the score sheets.

Twist Lift

This is a unique pair element where the male skater lifts the female skater into the air, and she rotates before being caught by her partner. Unlike a standard lift, aerial rotations and the catch are part of a single flow, and the number of rotations (double, triple, etc.) is specified. Important viewing points are height, clarity of separation, and the smoothness of the catch and landing flow. Due to the combination of high speed and aerial movements, these unique pair techniques should not be attempted without professional coaching and a specialized environment; here, we only cover viewing criteria.

Throw Jump

This element involves the female skater using the male skater's assistance to achieve greater distance and height during a jump, subsequently landing on her own. Different types of throws, such as Salchow, Loop, Flip, Lutz, and Axel, are classified by their jump types and rotation counts. It's important to assess not only the power of the throw but also the entry timing, aerial axis, and flow after landing. Observing both skaters together rather than focusing on just one will give you a better picture of their speed, timing, aerial position, and how they connect after landing.

Group Lift

This element involves the male skater moving across the ice while holding the female skater above his head and changing her posture and direction. The lift group varies depending on holds and jumping techniques, and levels are determined by rotation, posture changes, and entry and descent characteristics. It is essential to focus on the stable axis and the speed across the ice, as well as the gentle lowering of the female skater, rather than just height. Even if the technique names are the same, the base values and performance assessments can differ based on rotation counts, lift groups, and the quality of entry and landing.

Death Spiral

This is a unique pair element where the male skater maintains a pivot position while supporting the female skater's hand, allowing her to lower her body and rotate in a circle. The types are classified based on combinations of forward and backward movements and inside and outside edges, which may vary in direction each season. Rather than just observing the scene where the skater's head appears close to the ice, focus on the edges, pivot, and maintenance of posture as key elements. Due to the combination of high speed and aerial movements, these unique pair techniques should not be attempted without professional coaching and a specialized environment; here, we only cover viewing criteria.

Side by Side Jump

This element involves both athletes performing the same solo jump nearly simultaneously side by side. The impression is influenced not only by each jump's rotations and landing quality but also by the timing of takeoff and distance moved. A single mistake by one athlete affects the overall performance assessment, clearly demonstrating the joint responsibility of the pair. Observing both skaters together rather than just one will shed light on their entry speeds, timing, aerial positions, and how they connect after landing.

Side by Side Spin

In this element, the two athletes perform the same type of solo spin or combination spin simultaneously from separate positions. They must synchronize their rotational axes and posture changes while meeting criteria for speed. On screen, it’s useful to observe whether the distance between their axes is maintained and if their feet and posture change moments occur in unison. Even if the technique names are similar, the base values and performance assessments can differ based on rotation counts, lift groups, and the quality of entry and landing.

Pair Spin

This unique element involves both skaters rotating around a single common axis while making changes to their posture and feet. Unlike solo spins, the shape and center created by their two bodies appear as one. The number of basic postures, foot and posture changes, and the number of rotations influence levels, while maintaining speed after the posture change affects performance quality. Due to the combination of high speed and aerial movements, these unique pair techniques should not be attempted without professional coaching and a specialized environment; here, we only cover viewing criteria.

Pair Step Sequence

This element features both athletes performing turns and steps together, utilizing the full surface of the ice. It is crucial to maintain a sense of unity and musical timing while adjusting distances and positions instead of remaining in the same hold. Observing not just the kinds of difficult turns but also the depth of their edges, upper body movements, and the integrity of their formation reveals a charm different from single steps. Observing both skaters together rather than just one can help you notice how their entry speeds, timing, aerial positions, and flow after landing align.

Pair Choreographic Elements

In the 2026/27 revision, new creative elements such as choreographic lifts will be emphasized in pairs. There is a larger opportunity to construct movements that showcase the relationship between the two skaters and the music rather than just listing formalized level characteristics. It's essential to check the latest ISU Q&A and technical documentation for allowed elements and calling methods each season, and distinguishing between traditional lifts may be necessary. Even if the technique names are similar, the base values and performance assessments can differ based on rotation counts, lift groups, and the quality of entry and landing.

Unison and Joint Skating

A pair is not truly complete just by successfully executing high-difficulty aerial techniques. For them to appear as a single team while gliding side by side, the rhythm of their knees, the timing of their arms, jumps, and spins, and the distance and speed between the two skaters must align. In the ISU Composition Score, the cohesiveness of the two skaters and the fulfillment of equal standards are given significant importance during evaluations of Presentation and Skating Skills. Due to the combination of high speed and aerial movements, these unique pair techniques should not be attempted without professional coaching and a specialized environment; here, we only cover viewing criteria.

Start by learning the differences between a twist, which involves being tossed and then caught, and a throw jump, where the assisting athlete jumps alone onto the ice after being helped. Group lifts can be distinguished by their holds and jumping methods, while death spirals are differentiated by their progression and edge directions. Knowing the names of these techniques will help you identify how the two athletes share strength and timing during the performance. Understanding pair skating, where two athletes complete a single technique, becomes clearer when viewed in the context of the entire competition rather than just memorizing individual elements.

In side-by-side elements, pay attention not only to each athlete's rotations but also to the synchronization of their jumps, landings, and changes in posture. In pair spins and lifts, observe whether the bodies align around a common axis and shape. In the PCS (Performance Components Score), the cohesiveness between the two athletes and fulfilling equal standards are crucial. The joint skating between the two during dazzling aerial moments showcases the team's level. Detailed required elements and scoring can change with each season, so rely on the official ISU documentation for that season as the final reference.

Attempting actual techniques should only be done under the guidance of certified coaches, partners, sufficient space, and gradual training. Even while watching, we should respect the process of athletes safely halting and recovering from elements instead of just consuming scenes of falls. Since required elements and scoring can change each season, viewing protocols and the latest regulations can help you understand the strategies of pairs more accurately. Once you grasp this structure, you'll begin to see the connections between the movements on screen and the numbers on the score sheets.

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