Collection
Geography
2026.09.07
The Time When Lava Turns into Hexagonal Cliffs
The World of Columnar Joints and Volcanic Coasts Created by Cooling and Contraction
When lava or hot volcanic material cools and shrinks, cracks spread, producing polygonal columns. Often referred to as hexagonal, the cross-sections can vary, including squares and pentagons, with the thickness and direction of the columns affected by the cooling rate and surface. We’ll compare six different terrains, from Daepo Coast in Jeju to Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland and Devil's Postpile in California.
Though columnar joints may seem solid, it doesn't mean the entire cliff is stable. Waves, freeze-thaw cycles, earthquakes, and erosion can widen gaps between the columns, leading to rockfalls. Observations should be made from designated viewpoints and official trails, and coastal areas must prioritize tidal and storm surge safety. Please do not move rocks in protected areas or climb randomly atop the columns.
Though columnar joints may seem solid, it doesn't mean the entire cliff is stable. Waves, freeze-thaw cycles, earthquakes, and erosion can widen gaps between the columns, leading to rockfalls. Observations should be made from designated viewpoints and official trails, and coastal areas must prioritize tidal and storm surge safety. Please do not move rocks in protected areas or climb randomly atop the columns.
Daepo Jusangjeolli Cliff
Daepo Columnar Joint
The Daepo Columnar Joint is the first real location we examine in 'The Time When Lava Turns into Hexagonal Cliffs.' It is a natural monument where black basalt columns meet the sea like a folding screen along the southern coast of Jeju. The core formation process of the Daepo Columnar Joint involved low-viscosity lava cooling, creating shrinkage cracks, and waves revealing the cliff cross-section. By connecting the colors and shapes in photos to the surrounding terrain, we can gain a more concrete understanding of the time left by volcanism and lava.
The location of Daepo Columnar Joint is organized as 36-24, Ieodo, Seogwipo City, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. The coordinates for Daepo Columnar Joint represent a key observation point in a wide area and may differ from parking lots, ticket counters, and trail entrances. Before visiting Daepo Columnar Joint, check conditions such as 'viewpoint construction, observation routes, strong winds, and storm surge management, and do not descend below the coast.' Access to Daepo Columnar Joint can change not only due to weather but also gases, wildfires, rockfalls, waves, and conservation measures.
At the Daepo Columnar Joint, avoid extracting rocks or attempting close-up pictures beyond controlled boundaries. Comparing Daepo Columnar Joint with the other five locations in 'The Time When Lava Turns into Hexagonal Cliffs' based on rock type, cooling methods, erosion, and vegetative recovery will highlight distinctions. The connected management agency's information and site announcements take precedence over this description. Treating Daepo Columnar Joint as a trace of natural disasters and a managed living and ecological space will help maintain both safety and geological learning.
The location of Daepo Columnar Joint is organized as 36-24, Ieodo, Seogwipo City, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. The coordinates for Daepo Columnar Joint represent a key observation point in a wide area and may differ from parking lots, ticket counters, and trail entrances. Before visiting Daepo Columnar Joint, check conditions such as 'viewpoint construction, observation routes, strong winds, and storm surge management, and do not descend below the coast.' Access to Daepo Columnar Joint can change not only due to weather but also gases, wildfires, rockfalls, waves, and conservation measures.
At the Daepo Columnar Joint, avoid extracting rocks or attempting close-up pictures beyond controlled boundaries. Comparing Daepo Columnar Joint with the other five locations in 'The Time When Lava Turns into Hexagonal Cliffs' based on rock type, cooling methods, erosion, and vegetative recovery will highlight distinctions. The connected management agency's information and site announcements take precedence over this description. Treating Daepo Columnar Joint as a trace of natural disasters and a managed living and ecological space will help maintain both safety and geological learning.
위치 제주특별자치도 서귀포시 이어도로 36-24
형성 특징 점성이 낮은 용암이 식으며 수축 균열을 만들고 파도가 절벽 단면을 드러냈다.
방문 전 확인 전망대 공사·관람 동선과 강풍·월파 통제를 확인하고 해안 아래로 내려가지 않는다.
Giant's Causeway
Giant's Causeway is the second real location we examine in 'The Time When Lava Turns into Hexagonal Cliffs.' It is a world heritage coastline where thousands of basalt columns appear to lead into the sea. The core formation process of Giant's Causeway occurred about 60 million years ago, when lava cooled and contracted, forming polygonal columns, with erosion revealing a stepped surface. By connecting the colors and shapes in photos to the surrounding terrain, we can gain a more concrete understanding of the time left by volcanism and lava.
The location of Giant's Causeway is organized as Giant's Causeway, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. The coordinates for Giant's Causeway represent a key observation point in a wide area and may differ from parking lots, ticket counters, and trail entrances. Before visiting Giant's Causeway, check conditions such as 'watch for waves and wet stones, cliff rockfalls, and adhere to National Trust’s coastal controls.' Access to Giant's Causeway can change due to weather, gases, wildfires, rockfalls, waves, and conservation measures.
At Giant's Causeway, avoid extracting rocks or attempting close-up pictures beyond controlled boundaries. Comparing Giant's Causeway with the other five locations in 'The Time When Lava Turns into Hexagonal Cliffs' based on rock type, cooling methods, erosion, and vegetative recovery will highlight distinctions. The connected management agency's information and site announcements take precedence over this description. Treating Giant's Causeway as a trace of natural disasters and a managed living and ecological space will help maintain both safety and geological learning.
The location of Giant's Causeway is organized as Giant's Causeway, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. The coordinates for Giant's Causeway represent a key observation point in a wide area and may differ from parking lots, ticket counters, and trail entrances. Before visiting Giant's Causeway, check conditions such as 'watch for waves and wet stones, cliff rockfalls, and adhere to National Trust’s coastal controls.' Access to Giant's Causeway can change due to weather, gases, wildfires, rockfalls, waves, and conservation measures.
At Giant's Causeway, avoid extracting rocks or attempting close-up pictures beyond controlled boundaries. Comparing Giant's Causeway with the other five locations in 'The Time When Lava Turns into Hexagonal Cliffs' based on rock type, cooling methods, erosion, and vegetative recovery will highlight distinctions. The connected management agency's information and site announcements take precedence over this description. Treating Giant's Causeway as a trace of natural disasters and a managed living and ecological space will help maintain both safety and geological learning.
위치 영국 북아일랜드 County Antrim, Giant's Causeway
형성 특징 약 6000만 년 전 용암이 식고 수축하며 다각형 기둥을 만들었고 침식이 계단 같은 표면을 드러냈다.
방문 전 확인 파도와 젖은 돌, 절벽 낙석을 주의하고 내셔널트러스트의 해안 통제를 따른다.
Stafafell's Penguin Cave
The Cave of Fingal's Cave at Staffa
Fingal's Cave at Staffa is the third real location we examine in 'The Time When Lava Turns into Hexagonal Cliffs.' It is an uninhabited island terrain where basalt columns extend to the interior of the sea cave, resonating with the sound of waves. The core formation process of Fingal's Cave involved ancient lava flows cooling to form columns, followed by wave erosion carving out weaker areas to create the cave. By connecting the colors and shapes in photos to the surrounding terrain, we can gain a more concrete understanding of the time left by volcanism and lava.
The location of Fingal's Cave at Staffa is organized as Staffa National Nature Reserve, Inner Hebrides, Scotland. The coordinates for Fingal's Cave represent a key observation point in a wide area and may differ from parking lots, ticket counters, and trail entrances. Before visiting Fingal's Cave, check conditions such as 'landing and cave routes can be affected by waves and strong winds, so check ferry operations and nature reserve guidance.' Access to Fingal's Cave can change due to weather, gases, wildfires, rockfalls, waves, and conservation measures.
At Fingal's Cave, avoid extracting rocks or attempting close-up pictures beyond controlled boundaries. Comparing Fingal's Cave with the other five locations in 'The Time When Lava Turns into Hexagonal Cliffs' based on rock type, cooling methods, erosion, and vegetative recovery will highlight distinctions. Fingal's Cave is prioritized over the information in this description based on connected management agency data and site announcements. Treating Fingal's Cave as a trace of natural disasters and a managed living and ecological space will help maintain both safety and geological learning.
The location of Fingal's Cave at Staffa is organized as Staffa National Nature Reserve, Inner Hebrides, Scotland. The coordinates for Fingal's Cave represent a key observation point in a wide area and may differ from parking lots, ticket counters, and trail entrances. Before visiting Fingal's Cave, check conditions such as 'landing and cave routes can be affected by waves and strong winds, so check ferry operations and nature reserve guidance.' Access to Fingal's Cave can change due to weather, gases, wildfires, rockfalls, waves, and conservation measures.
At Fingal's Cave, avoid extracting rocks or attempting close-up pictures beyond controlled boundaries. Comparing Fingal's Cave with the other five locations in 'The Time When Lava Turns into Hexagonal Cliffs' based on rock type, cooling methods, erosion, and vegetative recovery will highlight distinctions. Fingal's Cave is prioritized over the information in this description based on connected management agency data and site announcements. Treating Fingal's Cave as a trace of natural disasters and a managed living and ecological space will help maintain both safety and geological learning.
위치 영국 스코틀랜드 Inner Hebrides, Staffa National Nature Reserve
형성 특징 고대 용암류가 수축해 기둥을 만든 뒤 파도 침식이 약한 부분을 파내 동굴을 형성했다.
방문 전 확인 상륙과 동굴길은 파고·강풍에 좌우되므로 선사 운항과 자연보호구역 안내를 확인한다.
Svartifoss
Svartifoss is the fourth real location we examine in 'The Time When Lava Turns into Hexagonal Cliffs.' It is a place where water cascades in front of black basalt column cliffs, showcasing cooling structures and waterfall erosion together. The core formation process of Svartifoss occurred when lava cooled slowly, resulting in vertical and curved columns that underwent weathering, exposing weaker rock to form cliffs. By connecting the colors and shapes in photos to the surrounding terrain, we can gain a more concrete understanding of the time left by volcanism and lava.
The location of Svartifoss is organized as Skaftafell, Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland. The coordinates for Svartifoss represent a key observation point in a wide area and may differ from parking lots, ticket counters, and trail entrances. Before visiting Svartifoss, check conditions such as 'check for winter icing and trail closures, and do not approach directly below the waterfall due to rockfall risks.' Access to Svartifoss can change due to weather, gases, wildfires, rockfalls, waves, and conservation measures.
At Svartifoss, avoid extracting rocks or attempting close-up pictures beyond controlled boundaries. Comparing Svartifoss with the other five locations in 'The Time When Lava Turns into Hexagonal Cliffs' based on rock type, cooling methods, erosion, and vegetative recovery will highlight distinctions. Svartifoss is prioritized over the information in this description based on connected management agency data and site announcements. Treating Svartifoss as a trace of natural disasters and a managed living and ecological space will help maintain both safety and geological learning.
The location of Svartifoss is organized as Skaftafell, Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland. The coordinates for Svartifoss represent a key observation point in a wide area and may differ from parking lots, ticket counters, and trail entrances. Before visiting Svartifoss, check conditions such as 'check for winter icing and trail closures, and do not approach directly below the waterfall due to rockfall risks.' Access to Svartifoss can change due to weather, gases, wildfires, rockfalls, waves, and conservation measures.
At Svartifoss, avoid extracting rocks or attempting close-up pictures beyond controlled boundaries. Comparing Svartifoss with the other five locations in 'The Time When Lava Turns into Hexagonal Cliffs' based on rock type, cooling methods, erosion, and vegetative recovery will highlight distinctions. Svartifoss is prioritized over the information in this description based on connected management agency data and site announcements. Treating Svartifoss as a trace of natural disasters and a managed living and ecological space will help maintain both safety and geological learning.
위치 아이슬란드 Vatnajökull National Park, Skaftafell
형성 특징 용암이 천천히 식으며 생긴 수직·곡선형 기둥이 풍화되고 약한 암석이 제거되어 절벽으로 노출됐다.
방문 전 확인 겨울 결빙과 트레일 폐쇄를 확인하고 낙석 위험 때문에 폭포 바로 아래로 접근하지 않는다.
Devil's Postpile
Devil's Postpile is the fifth real location we examine in 'The Time When Lava Turns into Hexagonal Cliffs.' It is a national monument where you can observe basalt columns resembling sharply cut posts and glacially polished upper surfaces. The core formation process of Devil's Postpile involved thick lava flows cooling slowly to create columnar joints that were later exposed and polished by glaciers. By connecting the colors and shapes in photos to the surrounding terrain, we can gain a more concrete understanding of the time left by volcanism and lava.
The location of Devil's Postpile is organized as Devil's Postpile National Monument, California, USA. The coordinates for Devil's Postpile represent a key observation point in a wide area and may differ from parking lots, ticket counters, and trail entrances. Before visiting Devil's Postpile, check conditions such as 'entrance roads and shuttles operate seasonally, so check snow, wildfire, and opening schedules with the National Park Service.' Access to Devil's Postpile can change due to weather, gases, wildfires, rockfalls, waves, and conservation measures.
At Devil's Postpile, avoid extracting rocks or attempting close-up pictures beyond controlled boundaries. Comparing Devil's Postpile with the other five locations in 'The Time When Lava Turns into Hexagonal Cliffs' based on rock type, cooling methods, erosion, and vegetative recovery will highlight distinctions. Devil's Postpile is prioritized over the information in this description based on connected management agency data and site announcements. Treating Devil's Postpile as a trace of natural disasters and a managed living and ecological space will help maintain both safety and geological learning.
The location of Devil's Postpile is organized as Devil's Postpile National Monument, California, USA. The coordinates for Devil's Postpile represent a key observation point in a wide area and may differ from parking lots, ticket counters, and trail entrances. Before visiting Devil's Postpile, check conditions such as 'entrance roads and shuttles operate seasonally, so check snow, wildfire, and opening schedules with the National Park Service.' Access to Devil's Postpile can change due to weather, gases, wildfires, rockfalls, waves, and conservation measures.
At Devil's Postpile, avoid extracting rocks or attempting close-up pictures beyond controlled boundaries. Comparing Devil's Postpile with the other five locations in 'The Time When Lava Turns into Hexagonal Cliffs' based on rock type, cooling methods, erosion, and vegetative recovery will highlight distinctions. Devil's Postpile is prioritized over the information in this description based on connected management agency data and site announcements. Treating Devil's Postpile as a trace of natural disasters and a managed living and ecological space will help maintain both safety and geological learning.
위치 미국 캘리포니아주 Devils Postpile National Monument
형성 특징 두꺼운 용암류가 서서히 식으며 기둥절리를 만들고 이후 빙하가 일부를 노출·연마했다.
방문 전 확인 진입도로와 셔틀은 계절 운영이므로 적설·산불·개방 일정을 국립공원관리청에서 확인한다.
Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Rock
Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Basalt
Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Basalt is the sixth real location we examine in 'The Time When Lava Turns into Hexagonal Cliffs.' It is a place where you can observe massive bright hexagonal columns and caldera geology from a coastal geopark. The core formation process of Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Basalt involved the volcanic ash and hot materials from a large-scale eruption about 140 million years ago solidifying and contracting to create tuff columns. By connecting the colors and shapes in photos to the surrounding terrain, we can gain a more concrete understanding of the time left by volcanism and lava.
The location of Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Basalt is organized as High Island Reservoir East Dam, Sai Kung East Country Park, Hong Kong. The coordinates for Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Basalt represent a key observation point in a wide area and may differ from parking lots, ticket counters, and trail entrances. Before visiting Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Basalt, check conditions such as 'the general basalt columnar joints and rock composition differ, and check public transport and taxi returns along with rockfall controls.' Access to Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Basalt can change due to weather, gases, wildfires, rockfalls, waves, and conservation measures.
At Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Basalt, avoid extracting rocks or attempting close-up pictures beyond controlled boundaries. Comparing Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Basalt with the other five locations in 'The Time When Lava Turns into Hexagonal Cliffs' based on rock type, cooling methods, erosion, and vegetative recovery will highlight distinctions. Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Basalt is prioritized over the information in this description based on connected management agency data and site announcements. Treating Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Basalt as a trace of natural disasters and a managed living and ecological space will help maintain both safety and geological learning.
The location of Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Basalt is organized as High Island Reservoir East Dam, Sai Kung East Country Park, Hong Kong. The coordinates for Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Basalt represent a key observation point in a wide area and may differ from parking lots, ticket counters, and trail entrances. Before visiting Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Basalt, check conditions such as 'the general basalt columnar joints and rock composition differ, and check public transport and taxi returns along with rockfall controls.' Access to Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Basalt can change due to weather, gases, wildfires, rockfalls, waves, and conservation measures.
At Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Basalt, avoid extracting rocks or attempting close-up pictures beyond controlled boundaries. Comparing Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Basalt with the other five locations in 'The Time When Lava Turns into Hexagonal Cliffs' based on rock type, cooling methods, erosion, and vegetative recovery will highlight distinctions. Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Basalt is prioritized over the information in this description based on connected management agency data and site announcements. Treating Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Basalt as a trace of natural disasters and a managed living and ecological space will help maintain both safety and geological learning.
위치 홍콩 Sai Kung East Country Park, High Island Reservoir East Dam
형성 특징 약 1억4000만 년 전 대규모 분화의 화산재와 뜨거운 물질이 굳고 수축해 응회암 기둥을 만들었다.
방문 전 확인 일반 현무암 주상절리와 암석 성분이 다르며 대중교통·택시 귀환과 낙석 통제를 확인한다.
When looking at columnar joints, it's easy to assume nature has perfectly created hexagons, but the real charm lies in their irregularity. The cliffs at Daepo, the gentle pathways of Giant's Causeway, and the tilted cliffs of Svartifoss have the same crack structures but remain remarkably distinct due to different cooling surfaces and subsequent erosion.
When on-site, it's more important to observe the direction in which the columns extend and where the boundaries with surrounding rocks lie than merely counting the number of column cross-sections. If there are areas you can't see from below, reference the viewpoint descriptions and geological cross-sections. Wet basalt is very slippery, and waves won't wait for photo opportunities. It's crucial to have the perspective to sufficiently read the terrain without entering restricted areas.
When on-site, it's more important to observe the direction in which the columns extend and where the boundaries with surrounding rocks lie than merely counting the number of column cross-sections. If there are areas you can't see from below, reference the viewpoint descriptions and geological cross-sections. Wet basalt is very slippery, and waves won't wait for photo opportunities. It's crucial to have the perspective to sufficiently read the terrain without entering restricted areas.
한눈에 보기
6개
Daepo Jusangjeolli Cliff
제주특별자치도 서귀포시 이어도로 36-24 · 점성이 낮은 용암이 식으며 수축 균열을 만들고 파도가 절벽 단면을 드러냈다. · 전망대 공사·관람 동선과 강풍·월파 통제를 확인하고 해안 아래로 내려가지 않는다.
Giant's Causeway
영국 북아일랜드 County Antrim, Giant's Causeway · 약 6000만 년 전 용암이 식고 수축하며 다각형 기둥을 만들었고 침식이 계단 같은 표면을 드러냈다. · 파도와 젖은 돌, 절벽 낙석을 주의하고 내셔널트러스트의 해안 통제를 따른다.
Stafafell's Penguin Cave
영국 스코틀랜드 Inner Hebrides, Staffa National Nature Reserve · 고대 용암류가 수축해 기둥을 만든 뒤 파도 침식이 약한 부분을 파내 동굴을 형성했다. · 상륙과 동굴길은 파고·강풍에 좌우되므로 선사 운항과 자연보호구역 안내를 확인한다.
Svartifoss
아이슬란드 Vatnajökull National Park, Skaftafell · 용암이 천천히 식으며 생긴 수직·곡선형 기둥이 풍화되고 약한 암석이 제거되어 절벽으로 노출됐다. · 겨울 결빙과 트레일 폐쇄를 확인하고 낙석 위험 때문에 폭포 바로 아래로 접근하지 않는다.
Devil's Postpile
미국 캘리포니아주 Devils Postpile National Monument · 두꺼운 용암류가 서서히 식으며 기둥절리를 만들고 이후 빙하가 일부를 노출·연마했다. · 진입도로와 셔틀은 계절 운영이므로 적설·산불·개방 일정을 국립공원관리청에서 확인한다.
Hong Kong High Island East Dam Hexagonal Rock
홍콩 Sai Kung East Country Park, High Island Reservoir East Dam · 약 1억4000만 년 전 대규모 분화의 화산재와 뜨거운 물질이 굳고 수축해 응회암 기둥을 만들었다. · 일반 현무암 주상절리와 암석 성분이 다르며 대중교통·택시 귀환과 낙석 통제를 확인한다.
위치 한눈에 보기
6곳
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